Strategies To Resolve The Principal Agent Problem Accounting Essay Example For Students

Techniques To Resolve The Principal Agent Problem Accounting Essay By and large, the head specialist work alludes to inconveniences of activating one gathering the operator to move for the best association of the other party the head. In an organization, the owners of the advantages ( the investor ) are the principals and the chiefs of the organization are the specialists. The investors of the organization approve the chiefs to pull off and use their assets to do net gain for the investors. ( Kaskarelis, I. A. 2010 ) The reason for the head operator work is that the data dissymmetry between the head and the specialist and the head and specialist have various associations. ( Ulrike, L. , A ; Arleta, M ) Generally, the Agents are the chiefs of the assets and hold more data than the principals. In an organization, the executives of the organization will hold more data about the organization than the investors of the organization. The specialists may use this deviated data to obtain contribution for themselves rather than the principals. Figure 1, Basic Model of Principal-operator work When all is said in done, the head operator work is the activity that the specialist is non making the best for the principals. The supposed head specialist work is really brought about by the contribution clashes between the two gatherings. As a head, the person in question wishes the specialist to make the best for their association. As an operator, the person should make the best for the head. Be that as it may, without satisfactory and proper thought processes from the head, the operator may non making the best for the principals. In the event that the specialist is stationary for the inclusion of the head, the ethical risk occurs. This is the traditional hypothetical record of head operator work. So as to activate the specialist to work for the best inclusion of the head, affectations ought to be given. Outline1 Schemes to choose the head specialist job2 Make fitting incitement construction3 Pro and cons4 Measure the open introduction of the operator continuously5 Pro and cons6 Regulate the specialist with moral criterions7 Pro and cons8 Decision Plans to choose the head specialist work Make suitable prompting development The main plan of work excursion the head operator occupation can be from the actuation feature of the specialist. The reason for the head specialist work is the rationale given to the principals. In light of the analysis of head specialist work, high open introduction of the operators were watched if acceptable remunerations were given to the operators. ( Ulrike Leopold-Wildburger, Arleta Mietek, 2010 ) Even however the connection between the pay and the open introduction is non added substance, the finished results of the specialists have positive relationship with the remuneration of the operators. Yuliy Sannikov ( 2008 ) advocates that the dynamic affectations play extremely of import work in the financial life. In an organization, the compensations of the chiefs what's more the representatives can affect the open introduction outcomes of the organization. Associating the pay of the specialists to the open introduction will put forth a strong effort. In an organization, the representatives wages can be associated with the open introduction results of the workers. The executives wages can be connected to the open introduction of the organization. In this situation, the executives of the organization will hold bounty incitement to make their best. The investors of the organization can other than lounge the better overall gains of the organization. One exchange arrangement is to give the executives of the organization certain aggregate of corporate stocks. The pay of the executives are influenced by the stock financial qualities ( Bruhl, R. H. ( 2003 ) . The chiefs will hold the actuation to make the best to expand the stock fiscal estimation of the organization. Truth be told, many recorded organizations have the alleged Equity Incentive Package ( Bronstein, R. J. 1980 ) . .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 , .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .postImageUrl , .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 , .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:hover , .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:visited , .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:active { border:0!important; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:active , .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u165b99693 18052781b3c10af8dc380b3 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u165b9969318052781b3c10af8dc380b3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Sexual Deviance EssayPro and cons This plan of work excursion the central operator work is the most essential one and the short-run outcome can be seen in a split second. Partner the operators pay with the open introduction by giving the chiefs corporate stock is the most efficacious way to work excursion the important specialist work. The conceivable downside of this plan is that giving the chiefs stock may result in the chance of insider exchanging. Measure the open introduction of the specialist consistently The second plan of work trip the head operator work is to administer the specialists conduct and measure the open introduction of the specialists. I will elucidate this in the occasion of an organization. In an organization, the chiefs as the specialists and the investors of the organization are the principals. The chiefs practices are observed by the investors intently so as to do sure that they are making the best for the association of the investors. In the organization, the rating of the open introduction of the organization is other than extremely of import. At the point when the rating of the open introduction plays a capacity in finding the pay of the workers, that is to state there is despite everything space for the representatives to better the open introduction ( Carl Blumstein, 2010 ) . with the checking of the organization s open introduction, the chiefs of the organization will in general execute better. Ace and cons Ceaseless rating of the open introduction in an organization can activate the chiefs consistently ( Long, N. , A ; Sorger, G. 2010 ) . In view of the continuous rationale, the open introduction of the organization can keep up improving. This is the greatest bit of leeway of the plan. Be that as it may, the rating system of the chiefs is a clasp and cash eating up embraced. The rating or observing of the operators may acquire a group of disbursals. Direct the specialist with moral rules The head operator relationship is non only a kind of lawful connection between the head and the specialist. The central operator work is other than an ethical peril work ( Randy, S. 2011 ) . Fitting to the fundamental concern moralss, it is moral for the operators to make the best to represent the inclusion of the principals. The primary plan of arrangement by developing the fitting affectation development of the operators and the second plan of managing the exercises of the specialists can obtain simply transient outcomes. In the long haul, set uping the moral cognizance of stand foring the best contribution of the investors can be a decent pick. With a decent moral awareness, the head and operator occupation can be fathomed in the long haul ( Ruachhaus, R. W. 2009 ) . In the occurrence of Psychiatrists Relationships with Industry, the central operator employments can be illuminated from the two actuations and moral position ( Appelbaum, P. 2010 ) . The doctors are the specialists of the patients. The doctors with high good measure will non ask clinical strengths of significant expense to the patients except if is important. Professional and cons The ethical standard advancement requires a long clasp what's more needs the committedness of the workers. The ethical issues in the main operator occupation can be seen plainly, however some of the time it is extremely difficult to isolate. The conceivable bit of leeway of this plan is that it can achieve long haul result in the organization. Choice The main specialist work originates from the unbalanced data between the head and the operator and the head and operator have various associations. The central recruits the specialist to work for him and the operator works for the contribution of the head. Without sufficient thought processes, boss operator work shows up. The central operator work is other than an ethical risk work. There are three exchange arrangements

(Social) Stereotype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

(Social) Stereotype - Essay Example This paper focal points of generalizations and generalizing as a significant type of â€Å"othering.† Othering is definitely not another marvel as this has existed since the beginning. Different gatherings including African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Latinos, and white ethnic Americans have encountered cliché portrayal at various timeframes. These periods in history incorporate U.S. colonization and subjection, WWII and the Cold War. The generalizing of Indian Americans for example has a long history, and these generalizations are for the most part grave misguided judgments of the American Indians (Churchill, 1992). Generalizing has been characterized in different manners. In this paper, generalizations are considered as convictions about qualities, traits, and practices of individuals from a specific gathering. In spite of the fact that not all the generalizations are negative in nature, these are bound to have negative meanings to the out-bunch individuals than the in-bunch individuals. There are two significant wellsprings of generalizations. First is the psychological portrayal of genuine contrasts between gatherings. For this situation, generalizations might be the genuine portrayals of the real world and work like article mappings, which permit simpler preparing of data about others. Second, generalizations might be shaped about different gatherings free of the genuine gathering contrasts. There are various types of generalizing. These incorporate generalizing based on sexual orientation, class and race. These generalizations are principally socially and socially built. To begin with, the parts of race, class, and sexual orientation together build generalizations. Every perspective additions significance in relationship to the others. For example, Latinos are generalized as â€Å"macho.† On the other hand, white ladies are explicitly generalized as â€Å"madonnas.† Women in the privileged are additionally generalized as sub zero and cold. Class and sex intermix with race and sexual orientation in these generalizations. Generalizations may

Smokers Lungs vs. Normal Healthy Lungs

Smokers Lungs vs. Normal Healthy Lungs Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print Smokers Lungs vs. Normal Healthy Lungs Visual, Cellular, Molecular, and Functional Changes in Smokers Lungs By Lynne Eldridge, MD  Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time. Learn about our editorial policy Lynne Eldridge, MD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Doru Paul, MD on December 01, 2016 Doru Paul, MD, is board-certified in internal medicine, medical oncology, and hematology. Learn about our Medical Review Board Doru Paul, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Many people remember hearing about the difference between smokers lungs and normal healthy lungs at some point in time. These changes occur on a visual level, on a cellular level (under the microscope), and even on a molecular level. In addition to these structural changes, there are several functional differences between healthy lungs and smokers lungs as well, ranging from lung capacity to oxygen exchange. You may even recall the posters depicting the black, ugly-looking lungs of people who smoke. Does that really happen? What does cigarette smoke really do to the lungs? Differences Between Smokers Lungs and Normal Healthy Lungs To really comprehend the effect of tobacco smoke on the lungs we need to take a look at both the anatomyâ€"how the appearance of the lungs changes, and the physiologyâ€"how the function of a smokers lungs differ from those of healthy lungs.?? Yet we want to dig even deeper than that. What do a smokers lungs look like beginning with the changes you can see with your naked eye, down to the genetic changes too small to even be seen under a microscope, but often more ominous? The posters we spoke of earlier didnt lie. Lets start with what you may see if you could look at whole lungs exposed to tobacco. What Do Smokers Lung Look Like? The photo above is honestly what the lungs of a life-long smoker look like on a visual inspection with the naked eye. Its important to state that not all black lungs are related to tobacco smoke. Other irritants that can be inhaled may cause this appearance as well, such as the black lung disease sometimes seen in coal miners. Yet, its very easy to tell when looking at a set of lungs whether or not a person smoked during his life. Many people wonder what the black or brown color comes from. When you inhale cigarette smoke, there are thousands of tiny carbon-based particles that are inhaled. Our bodies have a special way of dealing with these particles to get them out of the way  if you will. As soon as you inhale a puff of cigarette smoke, your body is alerted to the fact that toxic particles have invaded. Inflammatory cells rush to the scene. One type of white blood cell called  macrophages  may be thought of as the garbage trucks of our immune systems. Macrophages essentially eat the nasty brown-black particles in cigarette smoke in a process called phagocytosis. Since these particles could be damaging even to garbage truck cells, they are walled off in tiny vesicles and stored as toxic waste. And there they sit. As more and more macrophages containing debris build up in the lungs and lymph nodes within the chest, the darker the lungs appear. You may be wondering if the brown and black color ever goes away. After all, macrophages dont live forever. When a macrophage dies, and the vesicles of cigarette waste are released, younger macrophages rush to the scene and ingest the particles. This process can occur over and over during a persons life. This is not to say that healing doesnt take place when someone quits smoking. It does. But the discoloration in the lungs may remain indefinitely. Smokers Lungs at a Cellular Level Taking a step down in size and looking at the lungs more closely, an increasing number of tobacco-related injuries are found. Under a microscope, the cells and surrounding tissues become visible as a well-appointed city, but a city ravaged by the toxic cloud of smoke that has descended upon it. Different structures in the respiratory tract are affected in different ways.?? Cilia:  The  cilia are tiny hair-like appendages that line the bronchi, and the smaller  bronchioles. The job of the cilia is to catch foreign material that finds its way into the airways and propel it up and out of the lungs to the throat in a wave-like manner. From the throat, this material can then be swallowed and destroyed by stomach acids. Unfortunately, toxins in cigarette smoke such as acrolein and  formaldehyde paralyze these tiny cilia so they cannot perform their function. This result is that other toxins (over 70 of them  carcinogens) and infectious organisms end up being left within the lungs where they can do damage both at the cellular level  and at the molecular level, changes that can, in turn, lead to cancer and other diseases. Mucus:  Inflammatory cells that are drawn to the scene in the airways secrete mucus in response to the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke. This mucus can limit the amount of oxygen-rich air that reaches the smallest airways where gas exchange takes place. Mucus can also provide a nourishing breeding ground for the growth of harmful bacteria. The Airways:  Under the microscope, the airways can appear stretched outâ€"like the elastic in an old pair of shorts. This decrease in elasticity caused by components of tobacco smoke has important functional repercussions as well (discussed later on). The Alveoli:  The  alveoli  are the smallest of airways and the final lung-based destination of oxygen that we breathe in. These alveoli contain elastin and collagen which allows them to expand with inspiration and deflate with expiration. Altogether, the surface area of your alveoli is around 70 square meters, and if you laid them flat and placed them end to end they would cover a tennis court. Toxins in cigarette smoke damage these tiny structures in a few ways. It is easy for toxins to damage the thin walls causing them to rupture. Cigarette smoke also damages the alveoli that remain intact, decreasing their ability to expand and contract. Damage to the alveoli is a self-perpetuating problem. As more alveoli become damaged, there is more air trapping in the alveoli (air cannot be breathed out) which results in the dilation and rupture of more alveoli. In general, a large percent of the alveoli must be damaged before symptomsâ€"hypoxia due to less oxygen being present for exchange to take placeâ€"occurs. Problems with oxygen exchange between the alveoli and capillaries are discussed further under function. The Capillaries:  At the cellular level, its not just lung tissue that is damaged. The tiniest of blood vessels, the  capillaries, that are closely associated with the smallest airways are also damaged by tobacco smoke. Just as smoking can cause the damage to larger blood vessels (that can eventually lead to heart attacks), it can cause scarring and thickening of the capillary walls in the lungsâ€"walls that oxygen needs to pass through in order to combine with the hemoglobin in red blood cells to be carried from the lungs to the rest of the body. Smokers Lungs at a Molecular Level:  Genetics and Epigenetics To really understand how smoking causes some lung diseases such as lung cancer, we need to look deeper inside the cells to the molecular level. This is a level that we cant see directly through a microscope.?? In the nucleus of each of our lung cells lives our DNAâ€"the blueprint of the cell. This  DNA  contains the instructions for making every protein that is needed for the cell to grow, function, repair itself, and tell the cell it is time to die when it becomes old or damaged. You may have heard that a series of mutations in a cell is responsible for the link between  lung cancer and smoking, but many mutations usually take place prior to a cell becoming cancerous. In fact, there are usually thousands of mutations in a single lung cell exposed to tobacco. Some genes in lung cells code for proteins that are responsible for the growth and division of the cell. One type of genes called oncogenes, cause cells to grow and divide (even when they shouldnt). Other genes, called  tumor suppressor genes, code for proteins which repair damaged DNA or eliminate damaged cells which cannot be repaired.?? Several components in cigarette smoke have been found to cause mutations (they are carcinogenic) but studies have even shown ways in which tobacco specifically causes the damage which may  lead to cancer. For example, some tobacco carcinogens cause mutations in the  p53 gene, a tumor suppressor gene that codes for proteins that repair damaged cells or eliminate them so that a  cancer cell  isnt born. Epigenetics Finally, in addition to genetic changes caused by smoking, tobacco can cause epigenetic changes in lung cells as well. Epigenetic changes refer not to actual changes in the DNA of a cell, but the way that genes are expressed. According to a 2017 study, DNA methylation (epigenetic changes) that can be detected in the blood of people who smoke are associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Unlike genetic changes in cells, epigenetic changes are more likely to be reversible with a healthy lifestyle. Function of Smokers Lungs vs Healthy Lungs (Physiology) Just as there are many changes that occur structurally in the lungs of someone who smokes, there are several changes that take place on a functional level as well. Pulmonary function tests  comparing people who smoke with those who do not smoke often show changes very early on, even in teens who smoke, and long before any symptoms occur. Some people who smoke feel reassured that if they are breathing without problems, they dont have a problem. Yet a large percent of lung tissue is usually destroyed before any symptoms occur. To understand this better, consider that people who have a whole lung removed (a pneumonectomy), and are otherwise healthy, can adapt so that they can carry on a reasonably normal lifestyle. Some have even climbed mountains. Lung Capacity in Smokers Lungs vs. Healthy Lungs Smoking can affect measurements of lung function in a number of ways. Total Lung Capacity The  total lung capacity, or the total amount of air you can breathe in taking the deepest breath possible is decreased by smoking in several ways. Smoking can result in damage to muscles in the chest reducing the expansion necessary to take a deep breath. The elasticity of the smooth muscle in the airways is likewise affected, and combined with the  loss of elasticity, can limit the amount of air breathed in as well. And at a microscopic level, when fewer alveoli are present (due to destruction by cigarette smoke), or air cant reach the alveoli (due to cigarette-related damage to the airways and build up of mucus), the intake of breath is also affected. These forces all work together to decrease lung capacity. Forced Expiratory Volume In addition to lung capacity, smoking results in difficulty in exhaling the carbon dioxide that is transferred from the capillaries in the lungs to the alveoli. As noted above, decreased elasticity of the larger airways and decreased recoil of the alveoli leads to air trapping. This results in a decrease in  forced expiratory volume. Smoking Cessation Helps Thankfully, researchers have noted that one of the  benefits of quitting smoking that occurs after only 2 weeks  is an increase in both lung capacity and expiratory volume. Oxygen Exchange in Smokers Lungs vs. Healthy Lungs Its not just the ability of oxygen to enter and pass down to the alveoli, or even the number of healthy alveoli present. Oxygen that reaches that alveoli must pass through the single cell lining of the alveoli and then through the double cell layer of the capillaries to reach the hemoglobin in red blood cells to be delivered to the rest of the body. Diffusing Capacity As noted above, cigarette smoke can affect both the alveoli and the lining of the capillaries making the passage of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the two more difficult. Not only is there less surface area available for gas exchange, but the exchange is compromised. Its harder for oxygen to pass through the scarred walls of the alveoli and capillaries. The  diffusing capacity  is a pulmonary function test which measures this ability of a gas to make this transition from the alveoli into the bloodstream. Weve known for several decades that cigarette smoking can reduce diffusing capacity. Other Physiological Changes in the Lungs of a Smoker There are many more changes that occur in the lungs of someone who smokes, and the ones mentioned here only touch the surface. We mentioned how cigarette smoke can affect the capillaries, but also affects every blood vessel in the body. Damage to the larger blood vessels can lead to changes in blood flow that compromise the delivery of blood to the capillaries in the lungs in the first place. And its not just the arteries. Cigarette smoking is associated with a significantly increased risk of blood clots in the legs (deep venous thrombosis). These blood clots can in turn break off and travel to the lungs (pulmonary emboli) causing further damage, resulting in less healthy lung tissue (if a person survives). While some of these changes are not reversible, it is never too late to quit smoking both to minimize the damage and to allow your body to repair the damage that can be restored and healed. The Bottom Line: Lungs of a Smokers vs. Non-Smoker   Looking at all of the structural and functional changes in the lungs of someone who smokes stresses the importance of smoking cessation, though its not just the lungs that are of concern. There are a multitude of  diseases caused by smoking, with tobacco playing a role in nearly every body system. It is also not just lung cancer  that is of concern. Take a look at this list of  cancers caused by smoking  if you still feel any reluctance to stop today. If you still need a few facts?? to encourage you to quit: Overall, 1 in 5 deaths are due to smoking30 percent of cancers are due to smokingSmoking is responsible for 80 percent of lung cancers, the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and womenSmoking is responsible for 80 percent of COPD deaths, the fourth leading cause of death in the United States But the news isnt all bad: Heart disease risk drops drastically within a year of quittingStroke risk drops significantly two to five years after quittingThe risk of many cancers declines significantly by five years post-quitting Quitting Smoking:  Help Is Available! Thankfully, quitting smoking at any time can stop further damage from being done to your lungs and can reduce your risk of developing the diseases and cancers linked to the habit. We know its not easy.Yet its possible. Start today with quit smoking lesson 101 - reasons to quit  in order to make this attempt your final and successful attempt to kick the habit. A Word From Verywell It can be somewhat overwhelming to look at the vast number of ways that smoking affects both the structure and function of the lungs, but the important point is that smoking does not affect the lungs in just one way. Even if we had a way to bypass the damage caused, say, to alveoli, smoking would still be a problem. In other words, theres no healthy alternative to quitting. Despite this vast amount of damage, our bodies are amazingly resilient, and repair begins only seconds after the last puff.

The Merchant of Venice Act 1 Summary

Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice is a fantastic play and boasts one of Shakespeares most memorable villains, the Jewish moneylender, Shylock. This Merchant of Venice Act 1 summary guides you through the plays opening scenes in modern English. Here, Shakespeare takes the time to introduce his main characters - most notably Portia, one of the strongest women parts in all Shakespeares plays. Act 1 Scene 1 Antonio is speaking to his friends Salerio and Solanio. He explains that a sadness has come over him. His friends suggest that his sadness could be due to him worrying about his commercial ventures. He has ships at sea with merchandise in them and they could be vulnerable. Antonio says he is not worried about his ships because his goods are spread between them and if one went down he would still have the others. His friends suggest that he must then be in love, Antonio denies this. Bassanio, Lorenzo, and Graziano arrive as Salerio and Solanio leave. Lorenzo says that now Bassanio and Antonio have been reunited they will make their leave but arrange to meet up later for dinner. Graziano tries to cheer Antonio up but to no avail, he tells Antonio that men who try to be melancholy in order to be perceived as wise are deceived. Graziano and Lorenzo leave. Bassanio complains that Graziano has nothing to say but just will not stop talking. â€Å"Graziano speaks an infinite deal of nothing† (Act 1 Scene 1) Antonio asks Bassanio to tell him about the woman he has fallen for and intends to pursue. Bassanio acknowledges that he has borrowed a lot of money from Antonio over the years and promises to clear his debts to him: To you Antonio, I owe the most in money and in love, And from your love I have a warranty to unburden all my plots and purposes how to get clear of all the debts I owe.(Act 1 Scene 1). Bassanio explains that he has fallen in love with Portia the heiress of Belmont but that she has other richer suitors, he just wants to try to compete with them in order to win her hand. He needs money to get there. Antonio tells him that all his money is tied up in his business but that he will act as a guarantor for any loan that he can get. Act 1 Scene 2 Enter Portia with Nerissa her waiting woman. Portia complains that she is weary of the world. Her dead father stipulated, in his will, that she herself cannot choose a husband. Portia’s suitors will be given a choice of three chests; one gold, one silver, and one lead. The winning chest contains a portrait of Portia and in choosing the correct chest he will win her hand in marriage. He must agree that if he chooses the wrong chest he will not be permitted to marry anyone. Nerissa lists suitors who have come to guess including the Neopolitan Prince, County Palatine, A French Lord and an English nobleman. Portia mocks each of the gentlemen for their shortcomings. In particular, a German nobleman who was a drinker, Nerissa asks if Portia remembers him she says: Very vilely in the morning when he is sober, and most viley in the afternoon when he is drunk. When he is best he is little worse than a man, and when he is worse he is little better than a beast. An the worst fall that ever fell, I hope I shall make shift to go without him.(Act 1 Scene 2). The men listed all left before guessing for fear that they would get it wrong and face the consequences. Portia is determined to follow her father’s will and be won in the way in which he wished but she is happy that none of the men who have come have succeeded. Nerissa reminds Portia of a young gentleman, a Venetian scholar, and soldier who visited her when her father was alive. Portia remembers Bassanio fondly and believes him to be worthy of praise. It is announced that the Prince of Morocco is coming to woo her but she is not particularly happy about it.

Why Is the Narrator an Unreliable One Tell Tale Heart

Why is the narrator an unreliable one? 1. He is not a reliable narrator because he is insane. Though he repeatedly states that he is sane, the reader suspects otherwise from his bizarre reasoning, behavior, and speech. ‘‘True—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The reader realizes through Poe’s description of the narrator’s extreme nervousness that the protagonist has in fact descended into madness, as anxiety is a common symptom of insanity. He apparently suffers from some form of paranoia. Besides, the narrator claims that he loves the old man and has no motive for the murder other than his growing dislike of a cloudy film over one of the old man’s eyes. His madness becomes†¦show more content†¦At first the intervals receive conventional description—an ‘‘hour,’’ or ‘‘many minutes’’—but eventually such descriptions become meaningless and dura tion can be presented only in terms of the experience itself. Thus, in the conclusion of the story, the ringing in the madman’s ears is ‘‘distinct,’’ then is discovered to be so ‘‘definite’’, and finally grows to such obsessive proportions that it drives the criminal into an emotional and physical frenzy. Throughout the story, not much objective information is given; the experience is simply way subjective. Source: http://iblog.stjschool.org/stories/files/2011/09/The_TellTale_Heart_eNotes.pdf GoogleShow MoreRelatedLiterary Devices In The Tell Tale Heart1707 Words   |  7 Pageswritings which evoked horror in readers. Seen specifically in his short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, readers are able to get into the mind of the mentally ill narrator who murders an elderly man, one whom he claimed to love. Poe created conflict in this story by having the narrator admit to loving the man and having him be his caretaker. Conflict, and the story line, is created because it makes readers question why he would commit such a heinous crime as killing and dismembering the man. Readers eventuallyRead MoreTheme Of Grotesque In The Tell Tale Heart987 Words   |  4 Pagesact as though they are mad. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe Gothic elements are used to convey the madness of the narrator to the reader. The grotesque and an unreliable narrator appear which shows that â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† can be considered within the Gothic genre. First of all, the narrators use of grotesque descriptions shows how truly mad he is. His infatuation with describing the old man’s eye in such a grotesque manner shows how the narrator has dehumanized him, how he has convincedRead MoreWhen you think of the name Edgar Allan Poe, happiness is the farthest emotion from the mind. You1400 Words   |  6 Pagesto have unreliable narrators in his short stories and poems. These unreliable narrators are used to portray the effects of grief and loss, and having its readers into a sense of ultimate reality. Various works such as, The Cask of Amontillado, Ligeia, A Tell Tale Heart, The Raven, The Black Cat, and even a poem as seemingly beautiful as Annabel Lee portray unreliable narrators and obsessive and intense emotions. While reading these novels, one begins to wonder How Reliable are the Narrators and SpeakersRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe and Charlotte Perkins Are Unreliable Narrators: A Discussion1013 Words   |  4 PagesPoe and Perk ins Unreliable Narrators Edgar Allan Poe and Charlotte Perkins were two prominent American writers that explored the psychological constructs of the characters contained within their short stories. In The Tell-Tale Heart, by Poe, the unnamed narrator maintains that he is not mad despite the fact that he has murdered someone in the process of trying to destroy an Evil eye. On the other hand, in The Yellow Wallpaper, by Perkins, the unnamed narrator recognizes that her nerves haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s A Tell Tale Heart1289 Words   |  6 Pages Inside the Heart There are many well-known poets, but not many are as unique as Edgar Allan Poe. By the age of 13, Poe had become a creative poet (Biographies). Many of Poe s works were horrific fictional stories. His first book was published in Boston in 1827, called Tamerlane and other Poems. More of Poe s major works include Tales of the Grotesque a d Arabesque, which included his most spine tingling tales such as Ligeia and The Fall of the House of Usher. Most of Poe s works haveRead MoreThe Final Days of Edgar Allan Poe by Roger Francis 1732 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the nineteenth-century. Poe’s short stories posses the recurring themes of death, murder and his narrators often show signs of mental instability, like the old man in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and Montressor in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. Since tragedy was prominent throughout Poe’s life, his work reflects the darkness ingrai ned by continuously being faced with adversity. Poe’s mental stability also comes into question whenRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allen Poe1427 Words   |  6 PagesMeghan Amorim ENWR 106:29 Professor Ghoshal 27 September 2015 The Tell Tale Heart In â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allen Poe, the reader is presented with the short story of a madman who narrates his murder of an old man because, â€Å"he had the eye of a vulture --a pale blue eye, with a film over it† (Poe 105). The narrator has thought thoroughly about his plan to murder this old man, and the murderer then stashes his body underneath the floorboards. Eventually, his guilt overcomes him and he startsRead MoreA Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1156 Words   |  5 Pagesby Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, both of the main character in these stories believe that they are perfectly wise, but their out of control behaviors proves that they’re mentally ill or to be more specific insane. In the short story â€Å"A tell-tale heart† the unknown narrator is telling us a story about his neighbor who is an old man but his of a vulture: blue pale eye is what frightens him the most. Every night the narrator would creep over to the old mans houseRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesA person that brutally killed four people, and unaware of the very fact that he is the one that murdered all of them. â€Å"Strawberry Spring† by Stephen King is a story that takes place at New Sharon college, at the start of strawberry spring, and the narrator tells the story about how there is a killer on the college campus, and in the end we find out he is the killer. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a story from the perspective of a mentally ill woman, who is on a summer stayRead MoreThe Masque Of The Red Death By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause of his great works of fiction through short stories and poetry. Often times inciting fear and suspense into readers by the use of tone and subject in a various literature ways. Evidently in stories such as The Masque of the Red Death, The Tale-Tell Heart, and The Raven being that they are all well known. Poe an unforgettable writer, because of his horror stories and writing style has created stories and poems that are classical and often spoken about. As well as inducing a sense of suspense to

Women Are Better Manger Free Essays

Women are Better Managers? Yes The New York Times set off a minor tempest in the blogosphere with an interview a week ago with Carol Smith, senior vice president and chief brand officer for the Elle Group, publisher of the fashion magazine Elle. The headline: No Doubts: Women Are Better Managers. You can imagine the reaction. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Are Better Manger or any similar topic only for you Order Now The article was part of a regular Sunday feature, The Corner Office, in which some exec spills the secrets to their success in a question and answer format. Author Adam Bryant at one point asks Smith to share her observations on men vs women as managers. Her response: In my experience, female bosses tend to be better managers, better advisers, mentors, rational thinkers. Men love to hear themselves talk. I’m so generalizing. I know I am. But in a couple of places I’ve worked, I would often say, â€Å"Call me 15 minutes after the meeting starts and then I’ll come,† because I will have missed all the football. I will have missed all the â€Å"what I did on the golf course. † I will miss the four jokes, and I can get into the meeting when it’s starting. Have to admit, loved the part about coming into the meeting 15 minutes late so she can miss the sports talk and the four jokes. The interview was on the Times web site’s most-read list for over a week, and garnered more than 300 comments. The paper revisited the issue this past Sunday in its Room For Debate blog, asking several experts about the differences between men and women as managers. Alice Eagly, chairman of the department of social psychology at Northwestern University, warned about overgeneralizing based on gender, but then made this observation: Women are less â€Å"bossy,† probably because people dislike bossy women even more than bossy men. As a result, female managers are more collaborative and democratic than male managers. Second, compared with men, women use a more positive approach by encouraging and urging others rather than a negative approach of scolding and reprimanding them. Third, women attend more to the individuals they work with, by mentoring them and taking their particular situations into account. Finally, there is the matter of getting the job done efficiently. Most managers, male and female, get their work done in a timely way, but some do not. When you find one of those barely functioning managers — that is, someone who avoids solving problems and just doesn’t get the job done, that person is more likely to be a man than a woman. Why? Perhaps because a woman would be fired or demoted more quickly for poor managing. Over at the web site for Workforce Management, editor John Hollon laments the whole subject, saying In my long career, I’ve discovered only one clear truth about men and women as managers. It’s this: You simply can’t make a blanket judgment about the quality of managers by their gender. Anyone who tries to do so is foolish and shortsighted, and perhaps hasn’t worked for enough different kinds of managers—male or female—to figure that out. So what do you think? Do women make better managers? Or are some of them just too outspoken? How to cite Women Are Better Manger, Papers

Lorenzo De Medici Essay Research Paper Florence free essay sample

Lorenzo De Medici Essay, Research Paper Firenze 1453. Politicss were stable, creative persons and minds flooded to the metropolis, commercialism was dining, the metropolis was being beautified, and in the thick of all this illustriousness grew the strength and power of the Medici household. The Medici # 8217 ; s considered themselves to be Florentine royalty although it was their wealth, and therefore, power that elevated the household to their position. All of this took topographic point during the Renaissance which saw a revived involvement in the humanistic disciplines, it was a clip of motion, frontward believing and progressivity. New thoughts and ideas gave Europeans a new way and exhilaration for the hereafter. A clip like this needed a powerful leader. Lorenzo de Medici was likely to hold great power over his metropolis and state, like his male parent and gramps before him. # 8220 ; Although he projected an image of himself as a adult male who led a life of soberness and simpleness, the fact remains that he ever enjoyed the good things of life: vino, nutrient, music, books and beautiful milieus, and that he positively delighted in disbursement money # 8221 ; . We will write a custom essay sample on Lorenzo De Medici Essay Research Paper Florence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 During his life-time, Lorenzo had a great influence on many creative persons who lived or moved through Florence, he ruled the metropolis until his decease, and was besides a talented creative person and poet himself. Lorenzo # 8217 ; s gramps, # 8220 ; Cosimo de Medici was the first Medici to govern Florence. Exiled from Florence in 1433, he returned in 1434 and doubled his wealth through banking # 8221 ; . 2 After Cosimo # 8217 ; s decease, Florence continued to be ruled by the Medici household for centuries. Piero de Medici, Lorenzo # 8217 ; s male parent, was following to command the fates of the Florentine people, and after his decease, it was up to Lorenzo and his brother, Guiliano, to go on the illustriousness and cultural diverseness of Florence. 2 The Medici # 8217 ; s wealth continued to increase due to their success as merchandisers every bit good as, bankers. They were non ungenerous, and flaunted their wealth, constructing a big castle in the centre of Florence for all to see and look up to. # 8220 ; Although Cosimo liked the narrative which spread around that he had intentionally chosen an unpretentious design for his castle [ Via Larga ] , the fact remains that 20 other homes had to be demolished to do room for it, and the completed edifice, built in the new Renaissance manner, was an imposing construction # 8230 ; # 8221 ; . 3 It was here that immature Lorenzo grew, surrounded by friends and relations. From his earliest yearss, Lorenzo received the best instruction. He was taught by the best and brightest intellectuals in Florence. And Lorenzo was an devouring scholar: # 8220 ; by the age of 12 Lorenzo was reading Latin with pleasance, and uniting the survey of Ovid with that of Dante ; he began to compose verse forms of his ain when he was about 16 # 8221 ; . 4 It was this love of acquisition and avidity to delight that made Lorenzo hone for public office. Another portion of his instruction and readying to be the following swayer of Florence started at age 15. 5 At this clip, immature Lorenzo was sent on missions throughout Italy to be after, interact and work with many outstanding households every bit good as, royalty. # 8220 ; Piero had begun to train him for the duties to which it was hoped he would fall inheritor, by directing him on courtesy missions to some of the opinion households with whom he would hold to cover # 8221 ; 6. It was non until several old ages subsequent ly, after his male parent # 8217 ; s decease in 1469 7, that Lorenzo began to govern Florence with his brother, Guiliano. By this clip, Lorenzo knew his responsibility as a Medici and realized that it was his bend to command the fate of this great Italian metropolis: Although I, Lorenzo, was really immature, being twenty old ages of age, the chief work forces of the metropolis and of the government came to us in our house to condole with us on our loss and to 3 promote me to take charge of the metropolis and the government as my gramps and my male parent had done. This I did, though on history of my young person and the great hazard and duty originating therefrom, with great reluctance, entirely for the safety of our friends and of our ownerships. For it is sick populating in Florence for the rich unless they rule. 8 Lorenzo was still a immature adult male when he began governing Florence and was in complete control of the Medici fate. He would hold to derive the trust and regard of the Florentine people before he could get down governing expeditiously and carry throughing their demands. But it was the wealthy that Lorenzo frequently protected in his public personal businesss. By 1469, Lorenzo had settled into a stable place as a politician. # 8220 ; From the involvements of the Medici household, he came to recognize that, paradoxically, in order to support his place and that of his household, he had to do his first precedence the defence of Florentine involvements, or, instead, the involvements of Florence # 8217 ; s governing households # 8221 ; . 9 The Florentine people began beat uping behind him and his determinations. Lorenzo did non govern Florence as a resolved, commanding adult male, but instead as a democracy, with the adjutant of councils and the opinion category. It was around this clip that there began a competition and dissensions between the Medici and Pazzi households. This statement over money and power in Florence finally led to assassination menaces on the lives of Lorenzo and Guiliano. These two powerful households were non merely challengers in Florence, but besides in Rome where their powerful Bankss fought for control over the apostolic finance. The Pazzi household had been ridiculed and exiled to their place in Florence for old ages before Cosimo de Medici # 8217 ; s generous freedom from past charges. The Pazzi household # 8217 ; s power grew done authorities and banking, non unlike the Medici # 8217 ; s: # 8220 ; But late entry into the mainstream of political and economic fight brought bitterness. # 8230 ; In 1478, with the 4 aid of hired bravos and confident of support from the Pope, they attempted to kill both him [ Lorenzo ] and his brother # 8221 ; . 10 The effort on Lorenzo # 8217 ; s life was unsuccessful, but Guiliano was non so lucky. He was killed by Pazzi plotters as his brother was rushed to safety. Repercussions from the blackwashs were bloody and lasted hebdomads until every last plotter was found. Lorenzo wanted to be certain that people so understood that he was non a adult male to be fooled around with. Lorenzo was in daze, non merely because of the decease of his beloved brother, but besides because people so near to him had conspired to take his life. â€Å"Even when the secretaries resumed work they were still in a province of daze. So besides was Lorenzo who had, after all, lost a in a heartfelt way loved brother as a consequence of a confederacy in which there was at least a possibility that his ain brother-in-law had been implicated ; he himself had hardly escaped with his life† . 11 Lorenzo was now entirely, to govern Florence without his brother and friend, Guiliano The Medici household was known for their extended and luxuriant jubilations of household occasions, and fortunately for the remainder of the community, every outstanding member was invited to fall in. Another such gallant matter was the matrimony of Lorenzo de Medici to Clarice Orsini. Theirs was an ordered matrimony, so that the Medici # 8217 ; s would hold a connexion to # 8220 ; one of the most powerful households of the Church State # 8221 ; . 12 The matrimony included both households, but due to the sick wellness of Lorenzo # 8217 ; s male parent, Piero de Medici, the matrimony was held in Florence. Although the ceremonial itself concluded in one twenty-four hours, the jubilations continued for three yearss. There was changeless nutrient, vino and amusement and it was a clip for all of the outstanding frequenters of Florence to project their esteem on the happy twosome every bit good as, the Medici castle. 5 The relationship between Lorenzo and his married woman, Clarice, is non good known or documented. Although theirs was an ordered matrimony, it seems as though they loved each other really much. Clarice was dedicated to her hubby and supported him in all of his enterprises. When Lorenzo was off, Clarice worried endlessly about his wellness and his province of head, and on a regular basis dispatched nowadayss, nutrient and amenitiess to him. He, for his portion, wrote to her regularly and, no affair how tired he was, usually with his ain manus, ever turn toing these letters to # 8216 ; my really beloved married woman # 8217 ; . 13 Their love and relationship besides produced many kids and inheritors to the Medici bequest. The Medici name was destined to populate on and be every bit powerful as ever through Lorenzo # 8217 ; s kids. During Lorenzo # 8217 ; s regulation, Florence was detonating with civilization. It seemed to pull creative persons, sculptures, authors, poets, and theoreticians to its metropolis bounds. Lorenzo was much the ground for the artistic endowment geting in Florence, and was known as a # 8216 ; Patron of art and scholarship # 8217 ; . 14 Lorenzo supported many creative persons that came through the metropolis as, Michalangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. # 8220 ; He surely assisted Florentine painters, sculpturers and designers to happen committees outside Florence. # 8230 ; It was likely as a consequence of his advice that, in 1481 Botticelli was invited to Rome to adorn the Sistine chapel. # 8221 ; 15 Lorenzo # 8217 ; s influence on art, political relations, and faith stretched across Italy. He was a frequenter of many things. During his concluding old ages, Lorenzo spent many minutes feverishly writting. He began composing poesy which, for the first clip, was focused on faith. He kept himself busy, seeking non to be mostly affected, but continually productive, after the decease of his married woman, Clarice: Other chases besides absorbed him. He was purchasing old-timers and gems on a regular footing but, above all, his involvement in architecture was now given full rein. A big portion of his 6 clip was taken up with town-planning, palace-building, and the design of gunpowder munitions for the contado. He sat on a figure of commissions concerned with the redecoration of the Palazzo della Signoria, the edifice of the Sapienza at Pisa, and other group undertakings, and advised other outstanding Florentines about their edifice programs. 16 Lorenzo was ever a busy adult male, but more so after the decease of his dearly beloved married woman. His decease forthcoming, Lorenzo eventually received his greatest aspiration and end when his boy, Giovanni, had been officially nominative Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Domenica. 17 This assignment of a Medici household member to the spiritual hierarchy was a great award. Although the Pope had specified that the exciting information non be released to the populace for three old ages, Lorenzo could non keep back: # 8220 ; The lift of Giovanni to the self-respect of a prince of the Church meant that the Medici household could eventually be said to hold achieved that reputability they had so long sought # 8221 ; 18. With the recognition of the intelligence there were great jubilations and celebrations for yearss in which all of Florence was able to admit the Medici # 8217 ; s great achievement. Lorenzo de Medici was an extraordinary adult male. Although he was raised with all of the influences and benefits of royalty, he was sort and generous to all the people of Florence. He was held in high respect by all his frequenters and ensured the political and cultural success of Florence in the fifteenth century. He was besides really determined that Florence remain a cultural oasis and under the control of the Medici household. He demonstrated his force and choler during the Pazzi confederacy, but besides demonstrated control over his people and metropolis. At the clip of his decease, Lorenzo was still viewed as an of import and successful adult male. # 8220 ; His modern-day Florentine, Lucca Landucci, by no means a mere Medici timeserver, recorded in his diary that: 7 This adult male, in the eyes of the universe, was the most celebrated, the richest, the most stately, and the most celebrated among work forces. Everyone declared that he ruled Italy ; and in really truth he was possessed of great wisdom and all his projects prospered # 8221 ; . 19 Lorenzo de Medici influenced many people in his clip. He was a great adult male to his people during the fifteenth century and still stands a great leader and bookman. 32a

Free Essays on Ethics In Business

From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is the duress or threats that an employee mi... Free Essays on Ethics In Business Free Essays on Ethics In Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner are both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling fro m a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldn?t distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is the duress or threats that an employee ... Free Essays on Ethics in Business When taking about the subject of â€Å"business ethic,† it may sound like an oxymoron. As Wartick & Wood assert, â€Å"Business ethics is based upon some normative concepts about they way business should operate† (Wartick & Wood, 1998, p. 124). Since this day and age we are living in, business practices mostly seem to be publicized as unethical, the word â€Å"should† that is emphasized in Wartick and Woods definition of business ethics stands out. People tend to be more apt to uphold a higher code of ethics in a personal or societal context, as opposed to a business context. There is also the ever present â€Å"what comes first, the chicken or the egg† rhetoric. Is it the responsibility of the people within the organization to uphold a code of ethics? Since a corporation cannot enforce ethicality amongst its members since ethics themselves cannot be imposed on others, it is the organizations responsibility to find a way to ensure members fit into the code of ethics they promote or at least follow it when working within the organization. Virtually all decision-making in the business setting is affected, either positively or negatively, by ethicality. All organizations are imbued with their own code of formal and informal code of ethics. The formal code of ethics comes in various forms, such as vision and mission statements, and written policies in which the organization chooses how business should be conducted. The informal codes of ethics are the unspoken rules; how people relate interpersonally, and if there is any punishment when the formal code of ethics is violated. When someone joins an organization, they bring with them their own personal values, and morality shaped by their own personal and professional experiences. â€Å"If the formal and informal organizational ethics are consistent, one is left merely to decide whether the organizational ethical climate is compatible with his/her individual ethics. If compatibility ... Free Essays on Ethics In Business Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitiga... Free Essays on Ethics in Business Ethics In Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be very profitable. In general, a steady stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company continues to grow. There are a few obvious downfalls to working with government contracts; a higher quality is to be expected as well as extensive research accompanied by accurate and complete documentation is usually required. If one part of the process fails to perform correctly it can cause minor flaws as well as problems that can carry some serious repercussions; for example the case of the failed computer chip at Company X. When both the employee and company are found at fault, the question arises of how extensive should the repercussions be? Is the company as a whole liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the available information of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the situatio n. Next you would have to analyze the final outcome from a corporate viewpoint and then examine the corporate responsibility as a whole in order to find a resolution for cases such as this. The first mitigating factor involved in the Company X case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on their duties that they were assigned. It is possible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldn’t distinguish between the parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final product that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employee is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is one of th... Free Essays on Ethics in Business Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individ... Free Essays on Ethics In Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual basis. The second mitigating factor is the duress or threats that an employee mi...

The Best Guide to Completing Summer Homework Fast

The Best Guide to Completing Summer Homework Fast The thing that every student looks forward to is summer vacation. That beautiful time of the year when the weather is perfect and the freedom to enjoy life without all the stress of school is a reality rather than a dream. For many though, the summer isnt just a time for relaxing. Most have summer homework that they have been assigned by their teachers to complete before the new school year begins. But why do teachers assign summer homework? Well, the answer is simple, teachers assign summer homework as a way of keeping the students’ mind sharp and as a way of getting students prepared for the year to come. How much summer homework gets assigned? Generally, most teachers assign what works out to be about an hour of summer homework a day if broken down into manageable sections that get completed throughout the summer holiday. This can be a simple and easy task for those that have good time management skills. Others, however, find the idea of doing homework over the summer unbearable and thus end up trying to finish it all in the last few days before school starts again. While this may often feel overwhelming, the truth is that it doesnt have to be. There are many ways to get a lot of that summer homework done quickly while still retaining the most important parts of the information. It doesnt matter if you are: Lazy Busy with other work Have trouble finding time to balance work/school/home Just enjoying a beautiful summer Sick All of the tips, tricks, and advice listed here for completing summer homework fast are designed to work with any students’ schedule no matter the deadline! For Summer Reading Homework Some people hate reading, especially if the subject matter is dense, boring, or both. Others dont like to read because it requires too much time and concentration. And of course, there are those that just never went out to pick up the book in the first place. If you have a ton of pages that you need to read before school starts and find yourself without the time or the motivation to get it done then do we have some solutions for you! Book Notes, Guides, and Analysis There are several online resources that provide full-length analysis of fiction and non-fiction books that are commonly assigned for summer reading. Some of the benefits of these sites, beyond making your summer reading go much faster, is that they provide detailed information on plot, character development, storyline, and much more to give you all the information about a book without having to sit and read through the whole thing. They include: Sparknotes Provides detailed information on the most common works of literature that are assigned to junior high, high school, and university students. Cliff Notes Similar to Sparknotes, but also includes study guides and a variety of search functions to find exactly what you are looking to fully understand your required reading. PinkMonkey The great thing about PinkMonkey is that it includes more than just reading materials. You can also find a vast amount of resources for studying for various standardized testing that makes reading a full, and boring, test prep book a quick and easy process. BookRags If you have to write something after you have â€Å"read† it then you will find BookRags instrumental in giving you resources, study guides, bios, interviews, encyclopedia research, and more to help you get your reading and writing done quickly, easily, and just in time for school to start again. Audio Options If you have other more exciting things to be doing on your computer, or find internet reading and research just as daunting as actually reading a book, then consider the following options for getting your summer reading done without actually having to read a page: Local Library This place is a great resource for finding audio books. This lets you â€Å"read† any time anywhere! Whether you go out to the park to listen, pop in an audiobook while you are driving around, or keep it on in the background while you are playing your favorite video game, audiobooks are perfect for anyone that doesnt want to sacrifice the last few days of summer vacation activities while learning! Audible Created by Amazon, and boasting one of the largest collection of audio learning materials including books, papers, and other educational material for students. OverDrive OverDrive works with over 30,000 public libraries to let you download their audio material right to your device. The best part is that it is free and works with just about any operating system. All you need is your library or student card to rent and download the exact reading material you need to finish your summer homework reading requirements! For Summer Writing Homework If your summer homework requires a lot of writing and you have a short amount of time then try out some of these options for getting it done quick! Study Group These days everything is crowdsourced. Why not do the same thing with your summer writing homework? Get together with some friends that also need to get work done fast and work as a team to get that writing done. Having people around who can provide support and critiques for your writing will make it go much faster and provide you with a better pool of ideas, words, and subject matter to cover. Professional Writing Services If you find that writing is just not your thing, or, you just dont know enough about a topic, then try hiring a professional writing service to complete unique and professional writing assignments for you tailored to your specific needs. Companies like EssayTigers are perfect at getting papers done quickly by their experienced pool of educators and academics who are ready to write anything you need! Grammarly While you will still have to do the writing yourself, the nice thing about Grammarly is that it can provide you with information about flow, content, syntax, overall readability, plagiarism, and much more. Just type out a rough draft of your writing and run it through their editing software to get a detailed report of how you can quickly and easily adjust your writing to be exactly what you need to get the grades that you want. These options will greatly decrease the amount of time that you spend writing and increase the time you spend enjoying the last remaining days of summer stress-free! The Takeaway While the benefits of learning can be high when it comes to assigning summer homework, the fact is that it can be a daunting task to complete and doesnt always benefit the student depending on the amount of work assigned. This is especially true for those that have other obligations like work and family to take care of over the summer. What happens if you dont finish your summer homework? Well, that can depend on the school, the teacher, and the student. Most commonly, not finishing summer homework can result in lower grades and test scores. Additionally, not finishing summer homework can put a student behind before the school year starts, marking the beginning of what should be a productive school year with stress and anxiety. By the way, have you seen our post on legendary homework excuses? The best way, obviously, to complete summer homework is to section it out into manageable blocks that you can do throughout the summer. However, if you find that you are running short on time to complete your summer homework, then the advice and resources listed above will allow you to quickly complete your summer homework so that you can be ready for the new school year to come! So what are you waiting for? Get started now!

MGT 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGT 7 - Assignment Example In this case the firm strives to drive down cost for every single production components ranging from labour costs to sourcing of raw materials. To accomplish cost leadership the firm usually requires production on large scale so as to capitalize on â€Å"economies of scale†. Production in large scale means that the company will naturally appeal to a wider aspect of the given market. Cost leadership is therefore a wide scope strategy. A business practicing cost leadership gains competitive advantage through reduction of production costs, thus increasing profit margins on every sale since the company trusts that its trademark can control a premium price. Secondly a firm can reduce production costs and pass on the cost savings to consumers hoping to boost sales as well as market share. Examples of companies practicing cost leadership include Wal-Mart Stores which implements everyday low prices so as to attract consumers. This idea of reduced prices is aimed at providing products at cheaper rate than competition on a frequent basis as opposed to relying to sales. Thus Walmart achieves this due to its efficient supply chain in addition to its large scale. The second example of a firm using cost leadership is IKEA which is a Swedish leader in furniture making. This company provides cheap but classy furniture. IKEA manages to offer low prices by sourcing its materials in countries with low-wage as well as providing extremely simple service level. The third company utilising cost leadership is Southwest Airlines. The airline managed to provide the lowest achievable prices by becoming more effective than conventional airlines. Southwest Airlines thus minimizes the time their planes use while on tarmac so as to have them flying, thus keeping profits up. In addition, they provide very little in terms of extra thrills to their customers, but instead trickle down the

Case6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case6 - Essay Example However, some complaints may be based on facts that can be proven. In the case of Barry, the complaints he will present will be accompanied by factual evidence and hence he will not appear to be a whiner. He should avoid complaining about things that he has no evidence to prove. For example complaints based on his perception such as appreciation not being shared with the higher ups should not be made unless they can be proved. According to me, Barry should not look for another job. Job satisfaction is an important element to an employee. He claims to be satisfied with the job he is at now, and he feels that he has a positive impact on the company (Robbins & Judge 397). He should first seek to resolve his issue through the overall management. Quitting the job should be a matter of last resort. If nobody listens to him, he can then resolve into looking for a new job. This measure may lead to risks such as temporary unemployment or being employed to lower position posts in another

The Cyclops: An Unusual People :: essays research papers fc

The Cyclops: An Unusual People   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cyclopes were unique and unusual mythical people. They had very interesting lives. They had an unusual beginning and they had an unusual lifestyle. Also, the Cyclopes appeared to be completely different when described by opposing viewpoints. Overalll, the Cyclopes were an unconventional race in mythical legends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cyclopes had an intriguing origin. They were the eldest sons of Mother Earth, Gaia, and Father Heaven, Uranus (Evslin 1). While the Cyclopes were still in the womb of Gaia, Uranus got jealous of the babies. He sent a bat to eat one eye out of each baby to make them hideous and thus make everybody hate them (Evslin). Because of what Uranus executed, the baby Cyclopes were born with one eye. They grew to be of gigantic size (Hamilton 65). This beginning of the era of the Cyclopes proved to be a unique situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the Cyclopes were born disfigured they led attracting lives. The Cyclopes had a brother named Cronos who killed his father Uranus (Evslin 13). Since everyone was afraid of the Cyclopes (2), Cronos punished them by tricking them into imprisonment. Zeus, the son of Cronos and the new god king, freed them after Cronos had imprisoned them (31). The Cyclopes were very good smiths (12). They forged thunderbolts for Zeus because he freed them (Schmidt 74). A war was in the midst so the Cyclopes made armor and weapons for the gods of Olympus (Evslin 39). Even though the Cyclopes performed all of these good deeds the people still disliked them so much that they were forced to return to their smithy in the middle of a volcano for eternity (71). The Cyclopes lives were filled with helpfulness to others, but they were still shunned and hated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cyclopes were basically good people, but there were other Cyclopes. Homer wrote of Cyclopes that were extremely bad. They were downright savage shepherds (Schmidt 74). They were so savage that they did not give a thought before they devoured humans. They almost ate Odysseus, the main character of

Leadership Models in Action

IntroductionLeaders are born while others are made probably sounds clichà © but one undisputable fact is that leadership is critical to steering a business or organization to success. As Jack Welch quotes ‘Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own and relentlessly drive it to completion. (www.thinkexist.com.) Notably, there are many leaders who have existed in past century but arguably very few great leaders exist. Additionally, the different great leaders apply different leadership approaches as well as possess different leadership traits. Nonetheless, there are various aspects that cut across the many leadership models and traits, for instance, commitment, drive, passion, empowerment, decisiveness and resilience. (Bennis, 2002).   In order to clearly demonstrate leadership in business this paper will focus on AT & T Network manager Thomas Reeds who is arguable a role model in the leadership circles. His leadership approach is both influ enced and inspiring and later in the paper a few examples will be used to demonstrate why is make this claim.Jack Welch commands attention in corporate leadership circles as his visionary leadership revived the corporations in the US during 1980 and to date; his philosophies continue to transform during ordinary companies to legendary companies Thomas Reeds.   Follows in the footsteps of this great CEO and his leadership approach is always transformational. His ability to inspire and energize followers to a certain direction in achieving the company’s goals is brilliant.Some, how he aligns corporate strategies to daily operations of employees and clarifies issues to the employees that they get a greater picture of what is expected. In this way, he excites and ingrains commitment of employees to future goals. More to that, his emphasis on transactional aspects of leaders i.e. more of the bread and butter is also manifests in his leadership approach. This is seen in the way h e encourages a give and take ‘win win’ situation in leadership. Employees are regarded for meeting targets and compliance to aligned expectations. His two years in that post has generated AT&T a neat amount of profits which is deemed to continue. Thomas may sound like a larger than life person and possible act as such. However, his ability to combine humility and deep passionate will fro success is almost paradoxical. He’s is truly a level 5 leader.By level 5 leaders it means a leader who has reached the highest hierarchal level of his leadership capabilities and has been able to lead a company from a good to a great company with substantial sustained excellence (Morris, 2006). Admittedly, the improved status of AT&T company has not been a function of Thomas Reed’s leadership approach alone, but rather he has used his influence it ensure that other factors necessary to transform AT &T are present in the company, the right organization culture and strategic resources among others. He has been at the helm of it all. Leadership is not about showing off what one can but actually doing if so that others can see what ought to be done and how it is done.This is what Thomas Reeds always says. His dressing and happy demeanor can almost make one mistake him for an intern. He mingle with the employees at AT&T to know what their views are and get input on what needs to   be improved or changed. This is not to say that Thomas Reeds is one to joke around with. His unpretentious and vicious determination in life also makes him a person to stand up to be counted. Most times, it is possible to find Thomas sharing his early life experiences with other aspiring leaders under his stewardship of how he grew up in the firm, struggled through college and university to where he is now. His experiences are always refreshing and empowering and it is not hard to notice the iron will and passion to nurture talent in his followers. He inspires them to be the b est they can be. Adversities will always come your way he says but it is up to you make a firm resolve to stay ahead or hang in there rather than quite. Seemingly, tough times cut out leaders to be perfect and strong.Indisputably, Thomas Reeds leadership approach has been influenced by Welch’s rules of thumb for instance, the important of erasing bureaucracy in the business ranking the customers and shareholders highly and dominating market share. These teachings applied coupled with unique attributes such as streamlining the workforce set out Thomas leadership styles as the reason behind the company’s success.Nevertheless, Thomas feels that change and dynamism in leadership is an indispensable attribute to effective leadership in today’s business environment. He is quick to note that although Welch and Sloan’s philosophies were no less than brilliant; their applicability is now wearing off. He feels that the challenges that the leadership approaches deve loped by the two masterminds of leadership success were designed to surmount the barriers and problem of the then times and new leadership approached need to be developed to effectively face the new challenges in the modern era. Yet he does not discount the fact that Welch techniques are still usable and can contribute immensely in the success of a company.Leadership inspires people or rather captures the minds and souls of people. According to writers Goffee and Jones (2000) leadership is about results yet at the same time is not only about performance but also meaning. True to this expression, it is impossible to excite people to extraordinary levels without enabling them first see the meaning and worth behind the actions. In this case extemporary leadership doubles performance and perhaps this is what makes companies with great leaders excel differently from the ones that merely have ok leaders. This they do by making performance meaningful. (Goffee & Jones, 2000).Given this insi ght a critical look at AT&T Network manger, Thomas Reeds leadership approach, it is evident that he makes his employees or followers find meaning in their endeavors. This is done in such a way that corporate strategies are translated ot actionable plans and particularly daily task of the employees such that the change and improved performance starts from the bottom to the top.After board meetings with corporate committees, Thomas Reeds goes out his own way ot call for separate meetings with different groups of staff to discuss how the corporate strategies affect them and how the staff stand to benefit from implementing the objectives of the company. This has helped AT&T workforce to achieve meaning and ultimately commitment to outstanding performance. While others may think of Thomas’ strategy as labored and draining, Thomas feels that it is a necessary price to pay if a leader is ot see any result of his actions. It is also at this time that a leader’s qualities and p assion for distinction and excellence is tested.Notable, there are leaders and then there are authentic leaders. This leads to the quest of finding authentic leadership in AT&T manager Thomas. Authentic leaders are selfless yet are not afraid to express the self, morally guided rationality and nit merely instrumental reasoning whereby the end justifies the means among others. From my countable contacts with Thomas, it is evident that his selfless nature as well as stoic philosophy of detaching one self fro unethical practices and pitfalls. In disguise clarify his authenticity as a leader.Welch exemplifies the principles of leadership quite well, for instance, he was well versed in the employees tasks and his own duties. In addition, he harnessed the need to be on the look out for new opportunities that could lead GE to new heights and where things went awry; he was not shy to take responsibility for his actions other than seeking a scapegoat. According to Welch, the important thing is to analyze the situation, correct it if possible or find lesson/s from it and then proceeds to the next challenge with courage and better knowledge. In leadership position, decisions are made every time and a leader should be capable of making timely and accurate decisions fast if it is to have any impact. This Welch had mastered. Leadership is all about looking out for the well being of the workforce, keeping them informed as well as leading by example. It is evident that Welch exemplified these traits too.ConclusionIt is not uncommon to hear people say that they want to be more effective leaders. Great leaders are made better through practice and years of learning from previous successes and failures. The challenge therefore is for young aspiring leaders to build in the basics lend by the outstanding leaders such as Welch and Sloan and most of all have commitment and passion to charting extemporary leadership which, who knows might be   a legend for future generations.Referen cesBennis, W. (2002). Will the legacy live on? The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 95-100Collingwood, H., & Couto, D.L. (2002). Jack on jack. The Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 88-94Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 leadership: the triumph of humility and fierce resolve. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 67-76Goffee, R. & Jones, G. (2000). Why should anyone be led by you? Harvard Business review, 78(5), 62-70.Morris, B. (2006). Tearing up the Jack Welch playbook. Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2006/07/10/magazines/fortue/rules.fortune/Think exist.com Famous Quotes. Retrieved on October 24, 2007 from World Wide Web   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.thinkexist.com/

The effects of globalization on business processes - SWOT - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2733 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? 1.0: Introduction Globalization has a drastic effect on the approach to business process within an organization that is competing in the domestic as well as global market stage as argued by Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005)[1]. This is naturally because of the fact that the microeconomic factors influencing the overall business process in an organization has a macro impact due to the impact of globalization as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003)[2]. This makes it clear that the management decision-making at the strategic level as well as operational level play a critical role in the overall effectiveness of the organization’s performance in the global arena of the chosen business sector. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The effects of globalization on business processes SWOT" essay for you Create order This is further justified in the arguments of Richard Lynch (2003)[3] who argues that the efficiency of managers and the management decision-making is the key for an effective performance and sustainable competitive advantage achieved by an organization. In this essay a critical analysis on the need for proactive approach by managers to address global competition is presented to the reader. The essay commences with the SWOT analysis of the global business environment for a given organization capturing the key elements that are common industry wide. This is followed by the analysis on the role played by the managers in addressing the highlights of the SWOT analysis (proactive or reactive) with examples from different business sectors is presented by the author. 2: Globalization – SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis presents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by an organization in the given industry as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). Since this essay is focused upon the globalisation and its impact on an organization, the SWOT analysis presents the key factors that are common to global business market that are critical to decision-making for a manager in an organization. Strengths Supply chain integration Cost Savings through outsourcing Increasing profit margin through importing finished products for retail from Far East Weaknesses Communication gap and cultural differences between parties involved that are geographically separated Business Continuity Requirements Human resource related issues Opportunities New markets to compete Potential for combined deployment of development strategies in the global arena Efficient market segmentation and product innovation Threats New entrants from Far East Lower profit margin with price-based competition CRM and outsourcing The aforementioned key points are analysed in the light of managers’ proactive or reactive approach to decision-making and the net result on organizational benefits in the next section. 3: Managers’ decision-making: Proactive or Reactive? Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) argue that managers play a vital role in the strategic decision-making for the efficient business process within an organization both at the strategic level as well as at the operational level on a day-to-day basis. At the operational level, the manager plays the key role on deciding the resource allocation requirements against the demand whilst the strategic decision-making is more towards proactively driving the organization’s core business process to delivery excellence. This is further justified by Richard Lynch (2003). The key advantage of proactive management and decision-making by mangers in case of the supply chain integration is the ability to deploy the pull strategy th us enabling the demand-based production in the organization as argued by Jacqueline McLean (2006)[4]. The ability of the manager to decide the level of production and enable proactive operational decision-making will thus enable the organization to effectively manage its fixed costs overhead by reducing the expenditure on raw materials procurement and storage as argued by Malcolm J. Saunders (1997)[5]. Alongside, the effective supply chain integration will not only enable reduction in fixed cost overhead but also provide the management to ensure that the overall business process adheres to a lean management strategy where its can effectively respond to a sudden fluctuation in the market demand. Outsourcing is argued as a key advantage in the cost savings strategy of an organization as argued by Jacqueline McLean (2006). This is because of fact that the costs associated with the production and management at Far East as well as the operation costs are lower compared to those in the west. The increase in the outsourcing of the call centres to India since the dawn of the twenty-first century is a classical example for the aforementioned (Jane Griffiths (Ed), 2006[6]). Another example for outsourcing is the production of the fashion goods for retail in the West outsourced by leading brands including NEXT, Marks and Spencer, etc., to China which is predominantly focused upon the reduction of the production costs whilst ensuring quality and delivery assurance (Philippa Drewer (Ed), 2006[7]). In the aforementioned scenarios, the role of the manager and proactive decision-making is to identify the potential for outsourcing a specific business process or manufacturing segment within the organization to another country not only as an early starter but also ensuring the quality and service level agreements are met as argued by Jacqueline Mc Lean (2006). This approach is also treated as the best practise for the efficient management of the manufacturing outsourcin g to the Far East whilst the reactive approach to outsourcing where the manager’s decision to outsource will be in response to costs and pricing demands, the performance is deemed to be poor as the supplier bargaining power eventually increasing the costs as argued by Jacqueline McLean (2006). Another interesting element with the importing of the finished products from the Far East rather than outsourcing the production is the fact that the organization does not have the operating overhead at all thus making it clear it can increase its profit margin considerably as argued by Roger J. Calantone et al (2004)[8]. In this case also, the proactive decision-making to address the market demands ensuring that the overall business process is not affected with the re-engineering strategy is the key for a successful implementation within an organization to address the competition in the global arena. Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) further argue that the proactive decision-ma king is not only to envisage the future trends in a market but to ensure that the organization is resilient to changes thus ensuring the ability to address fluctuations demand and change in customer interests. Addressing the weakness, it is clear that the proactive decision-making and management by the managers play a vital role in the mitigation of communication gap between the organization’s production/operations centres located in different geographical locations as argued by Roger J. Calantone et al (2004). Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003)[9] further argue that the efficiency of the organization to perform effectively in a given target market depends upon the ability of the manager to bridge the communication gap between geographically separated entities of the same organization or collaborating outsourced organization in the manufacturing process. Besides the communication effectiveness is the key element for the efficient production management and supply chain integration in the global arena. Thus the role of the manger to proactively identify the key areas of communications gap will help ensure the performance effectiveness of the organization. The business continuity requirements especially in case of geographically dispersed organization form a critical element for business process with minimal outage as argued by James C. Barnes (2004)[10]. From a strategic perspective, the business continuity management strive of an organization must ensure that its resilience backup is installed and tested at regular intervals of time as argued by G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005)[11]. From the aforementioned it is clear that the role of the manager is to ensure that the business continuity infrastructure installed at the geographical locations are tested for resilience using pseudo business continuity tests individually and in a combined fashion. This approach will encourage the key staff members involved to get accustomed to the business continuity st rategies of the organization thus eliminating surprises and weak response in case of a real business continuity requirement. Besides, it is interesting to note that the flexibility of an organization in the global market is the key for an organization’s ability to enter new markets and deploy its development strategies. This is further justified by G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005) who argue that the supply chain integration and the efficient management of the production to meet the demands in the international market is a critical success factor for an organization. New markets for an organization competing in the global business market are infinite in nature as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003)[12]. This makes it clear that the strategic decision-making on the market choice and the strategy to enter the market requires vital contribution from the managers both at the strategic and operational levels. This is evident from the fact that the efficiency of an organization in establishing itself as a strong entity in new market segments depends upon the time, competition and demand factors associated with the market as argued by Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005). The failure of coca cola in promoting 3G in the UK drinks market as a Sprite-branded Energy drink (Mark Choueke, 2006) is a classical example where the proactive decision-making on the demands off the market and the brand image held by the customers to increase the sales in the target market. Alongside, the success of the Hilton Garden Hill Range of Hotels in the economy range of hotels in the global leisure market compared to that of Marriott group’s Courtyard Marriott (Caroline Kimber, 2001[13]) further justifies the proactive response required from the managers to gain sustainable competitive advantage. The development strategies in the global market is the main opportunity for an organization to increase its market share through combined deployment or in dividually deploying product and market development strategies as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). This is because of the fact that through identifying whether the market segment lies within the existing target market group or the product promoted is an item on demand in the new market is the key for choosing a development strategy. Besides, in a global market, the ability of an organization utilize more than on strategy simultaneously requires the proactive approach from the managers to gain sustainable competitive advantage. This is further justified in the arguments of Roger J. Calantone et al (2004) where it is clear that the service relationship and the identification of the development strategy for an organization in a given target market requires the proactive approach to managerial decision-making. Product innovation is argued as a critical element in the business development within an organization as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003 ). The fact that the product innovation is driven by market demand and the ability of an organization to give form to a specific demand in the identified target market makes it clear the effectiveness of managerial decision-making is critical. The key point of interest in this case is the ability of an organization to identify demands where the management involving marketing, product design and production managers act as a team to derive on a new product range as argued by Roger J. Calantone et al (2004). It is thus evident that the proactive approach by the managers is the key for successful implementation of the product innovation. This is because product innovation as a reaction in a given target market is actually the response to a product introduced by another competitor thus second-lining the product in the target market loosing the early starter advantage as argued by Frances Brassington and Stephen Pettit (2003). The key threats identified in section 2 justify that manage ment effectiveness is necessary to not only address the organizational elements but also the key external elements that affect organizational performance in the global market as argued by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003). The case of new entrants from the Far East is treated as a threat mainly because of the increasing entry of sellers from Far East into the clothing market through online retailing and whole sale marketing to retail stockists in the western markets as argued by Jane Griffiths (2006). The key requirement for the manager in the aforementioned situation is to ensure that the organization does not loose its profit margin through efficient pricing and to ensure the company positions itself as competitive brand both in quality and price within a given target market. Alongside, the new entrant threat from the Far East poses the threat of loosing market share in the global market because of the increasing dependence on the import of goods from the Far East by weste rn conglomerates that are sold with an added profit to its target markets in the west. This profit margin is narrowed drastically because of the relatively lower pricing from the new entrant from Far East. Therefore, a proactive approach from the managers is essential to ensure that the competition posed by new entrants from the Far East is mitigated effectively. The price-based competition in the global market is one of the key areas where proactive decision-making from the manger is critical for achieving competitive advantage in the target market. This is justified by Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003) because pricing is an area where the quality and corporate identity along with the brand image is communicated to the customers in the target market. Hence through strategically positioning the company’s brand in the given target market, the price-based competition can be mitigated to a greater extent since the customer loyalty to a given brand can be utilised for sus taining the market share. The major threat with outsourcing the service related activities of the business to Far East is the poor service quality that has a direct impact on the customer relationship strategies of an organization in the global arena. The role of a manger is to constantly track the service performance and identify key areas of improvement which can be used for strengthening the customer relationship with the customers. It is evident that the management decision-making in proactively tracking the performance of an outsourced call centre and its impact on the customer loyalty can increase the service efficiency of the company. This will eventually forge strong customer relationship with the customers thus ensuring sustainable competitive advantage in the target market. Hence, to conclude the essay it is clear that the proactive approach to management and management decision-making by managers is the key for an organization’s success in the global market. This is applicable across all levels of management within an organization. References Caroline Kimber (2001), Strategic integration of customers and channels, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Jun2001, Vol. 5 Issue 4 Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management – HRM in Action, FT Prentice Hall G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005), An institutional theory perspective of business continuity planning for purchasing and supply management, International Journal of Production Research, 8/15/2005, Vol. 43 Issue 16 Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003), Exploring Corporate Strategy – Texts and Cases, Prentice Hall Jacqueline McLean (2006), Big Opportunities Begin with Small Steps, British Journal of Administrative Management, Feb/Mar2006 Issue 51 James C. Barnes (2004), AA guide to Business Continuity Planning, John Wiley and Sons Jane Griffiths (Ed), (2006), Call Centres Market Assessment 2006, Key Note Ltd Malcolm J. Saunders (1997) , Strategic Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, FT – Prentice Hall Mark Choueke (2006), Coke plans 3G cuts to boost Relentless, Marketing Week, Vol. 29 Issue 47 Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management – 12th Edition, Prentice Hall Philippa Drewer (Ed), (2006), Clothing Manufacturing- Market Report 2006, Keynote Ltd Richard Lynch (2003), Corporate Strategy, FT: Prentice Hall Roger J. Calantone et al (2004), Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, May2004, Vol. 21 Issue 3 Footnotes [1] Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing Management – 12th Edition, Prentice Hall [2] Gerry Johnson and Kevan Scholes (2003), Exploring Corporate Strategy – Texts and Cases, Prentice Hall [3] Richard Lynch (2003), Corporate Strategy, FT: Prentice Hall [4] Jacqueline McLean (2006), Big Opportunities Begin with Small Steps, British Journal of Administrative Management, Feb/Mar2006 Issue 51 [5] Malcolm J. Saunders (1997), Strategic Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, FT – Prentice Hall [6] Jane Griffiths (Ed), (2006), Call Centres Market Assessment 2006, Key Note Ltd [7] Philippa Drewer (Ed), (2006), Clothing Manufacturing- Market Report 2006, Keynote Ltd [8] Roger J. Calantone et al (2004), Internationalization and the Dynamics of Product Adaptation—An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, May2004, Vol. 21 Issue 3 [9] Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (2003), Personnel Management â₠¬â€œ HRM in Action, FT Prentice Hall [10] James C. Barnes (2004), AA guide to Business Continuity Planning, John Wiley and Sons [11] G.A. Zsidisin et al (2005), An institutional theory perspective of business continuity planning for purchasing and supply management, International Journal of Production Research, 8/15/2005, Vol. 43 Issue 16 [12] Mark Choueke (2006), Coke plans 3G cuts to boost Relentless, Marketing Week, Vol. 29 Issue 47 [13] Caroline Kimber (2001), Strategic integration of customers and channels, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Jun2001, Vol. 5 Issue 4